Optical data selection and display



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,l2 I n p 3.97@ P. JDQNAL@ fpf-Q l OPTICAL DATA SELECTION AND DISPLAY Filed my 26, 1957 2 sheeis-sx1eet 1 GUEB E DE? Ummm PHILIP l DONALD Filed July 26, 1.967

. '5 n P. J. DONALD ya@ OPTICAL DATA SELECTION AND DISPLAY 2 Sheets-5heet 2 @WMP DONALD @Y Q/MMMM which translates the horizontal deflection tomvertie at .er L I j zatentedr ilt'tf nometer mirror adds any desired horizontal deflection on 3.5043309 the existing vertical deflection. Thetwo galvanometer mir- UiTICAL DAA SEELCHON AN!) DKSPILAY Yiilip d. Donald, Woodbury, NJ., assigner to RCA forporation, a corporation of ileiaware Filed .i'nly 26. 1967, fier. No. 65(1l43 Int. (Tl. Brill); (508i: 23ml); (ltZf l/.t4 ILS. (fi. 95--45 ABSTRACT 0F TME EESCILQSURR An optical data selection and display system for use in a photocomposing apparatus or the like. An'image of any selected one of many alphanumeric, graphic, or tligital characters is created and displayed at a fixed location in space. A laser beam source directs a light beam through a path including, in the order named, a first ro'- tatable sector-sweeping galvanometer mirror. a condensing lens. a right-angle deflection-rotating prism. back through said condensing lens, a second rotatable sector-sweeping galvanometer mirror, and a hologram matrix of individual character-representing halograms arranged in rows and columns, whereby the laser beam can be horizontally and vertically deflected to any selected character-representing hologram of the hologram matrix. The illumination 0f any one of the holograms causes the creation of a corresponding graphic character at a common utiliza tion location.

BACKGROUND OI THE INVENTION A number of opt0-electronic photocomposing or phototypesetting systemshaw been proposed to replace the linotype machines which -have been almost univcrsely employ-ed. The composing process basically involves the rc'- peated selection of any desired one of many alphanumatic characters in any one of a plurality of fonts` and the positioning of the selected character in an appropriate place along a line. One successful prior art photoeomposing system includes a computer having a randomaccess core memory storing binary information from which any desired alphanumatic character can be ereated by a scanning motion on the phosphor screen face of a cathode ray tube. The defieetion system of the cathode ray tube permits the selected character to e positioned at any desired point along a line on the face of the tube. The alphanumeric characters thus produced on the face of the cathode ray tube are imaged on a photographic film which, after development, is used to make a photoengraved printing plate. A number of other photocomposing Vsystems have been proposed utili/ ing various combinations ot mechanical, optical and electronic components. However, all of the existing and proposed pliotocomposing systems leave something to be desired in regards to cost, speed of operation, or practical feasibility. it is therefore a general object of this invention to provide an improved optical data Selection and display system which is economical to construct and operate, which is fast in operation, and which is capable of implementa tion withpresently-existing elemental component parts.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with an example of the invention, a laser beam is directed te a first rotatable galvanometertype mirror which gives the beam any desired amount of horizontal deflection. The beam is then directed through a condensing or collimating lens to a right-angle prism al de; galvailecton'a'nd returnstli'c ,earnthrouglrthet nden. to a second galvanometer mirror. The second fill Alll

rors are mounted s'ide-by-side with parallel axes of rotai tomzmd with effective mirror surfaces displaced along a llSdcgrce diagonal relative to the axes of rotation. The right-angle prism is mounted with its axis parallel to the Aide-grec diagonal il'h'e horizontally and vertically deficct- BRU-IF [DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. l is a plan view of an optical data selection and display system constructed according to the teachings of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a representation of a hologram matrix inlcluding a number of character-representing individual hologrants arranged in rows and columns;

FIG. 3 is a representation o-f the image of a character created from one of the holograms in the matrix of FIG. 2 as presented to a display or utilization device;

l'iG. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the optical system of llG. l which will be referred to in describing the operation of the system;

.l`l('l. 5 is a side view ofthe teni shown in Ilf. fl; and

FIG. 6 is an end view of a portion of the optical system of FIG. l which will be referred to in describing the operation of the system.

I)li'I`/\ILEIJ DESCIQIPTION Referring now in greater detail to the system of FIG. i, there is shown a laser t() for emitting an intense light beam along a path .l2 toa rotatable mirror 16 in a mirror galvanometer unit ist. The laser' 10 may conveniently be c onventional laser producing a continuons output light beam having a cross sectional diameter, where utilized in the system, of about "f5 milli-inches and having a wavelength such as the (i328 angstrom wavelength ot' a helium neon gas laser. The term "laser beam" as used herein is intended to mean a relatively very intense beam ot' light (l) having a sulicient narrow spectral yband of frequencies (temporal coherence), and (2) being capable of being imaged to an appropriately small spot (spatial coherence). .so as to be suitable lor use with holograms. The beam should have at least as small a cross sectional arca as the rotatable mirror i6 at its point of incidence thereon.

'I'hc laser beam E2 is directedto the rotatable galvanometer mirror iti in galvanoinetcr unit l-i from which the beam is deflected through a condensing lens i8 to a right-angle tlellection-rotating prism Z0. The rotatable mirror or galvanometer mirror I6 is a platte mirror about lo nulli-inches square mounted for rotation about a vertical axis to deflect the laser beam t2 to any desired amount in a horizontal plane within a sector bounded hy limits (x' and 60". The condensing lens I8 is positioned at a distance from the galvantometer mirror i6 equal to the focal length of the lens. Therefore, the light beam originating at the mirror 16 and entering the condensing lens iti is passed through the lens along one of many corresponding parallel-extending paths, between the limits 6G and 60", to the prism 2li.

portion of the optical sys- The galvanometcr mirror i6 is made to rotate about its vertical axis to any desired position by means of. a con- ;ventional rotatably-mounted coil to which is supplied a `deflection voltage having an amplitude corresponding with any desired angular position ofthe mirror. The galvanometer unit 14 may be a conventional commerciallyavailablc unit. and as such it is not necessary to describe it here in further detail.

The prism 2O includes two reflecting surfaces 22 and 24 arranged at right angles with each other and having an intersecting edge or axis 26. The word "prism" is used `herein to describe the two orthogonal reflecting surfaces 22 and 24, which are all that is required in the invention, and which may be implemented without the intervening -supporting glass at 28. The prism 2t) is oriented with its `corner axis 26 disposed along a ZlS-dcgree diagonal (rela- =tive to thc mirror artes) to cause a horizontally-dellectcd :incident beam to be translated to a vertically-deflected lreflected beam, as will later be described in greater detail. f 'lhe return beam reflected from the prism 2t) lies in rvcrtical planes (ist passiny.' through the condensing lens ttf :to a second rotatable or galvanomctcr mirror 30 in the `galvanometcr ttnit 14. 'l he second gal'v'anometcr mirror 3f) is like the first mirror I6, and is mounted for rotation yabout a vertical axis parallel to the axis of mirror I6. 'l he beam approaching and impinging on the central area of 'the second mirror 3i) includes a vertical component of deflection which remains in'the beam reflected from the Isecond mirror 30. 'the mirror 30 adds a horizontal derflection to the beam in reflecting the beam to a second condensing lens 32 along a path between vertical plane limits 66 ad 67. A beam passing through the lens 32 follows a collimated patti, in an area of rectangular cross section vertically bounded by lines 78 and 79. to and through a hologram matrix 34. The light passing directly through any individual hologram such as -34 of the matrix 34 along a path such as path 36 is not used, but rather is absorbed in alight absorbing bathe 38.

The beam passing through any selected individual holo gram in the matrix 34 results in the imaging of a corre- .sponding alphanumeric character in a plane Ltt), where there is positioned a display device or the image-receiving face of an image-utilizing devicc 42 such as a "vidicon," an image orthoeon, a "plumbicon or a "sicon," The hologram matrix 34 seen on edge in FIG. l may in plan view be as .shown in HG. 2. 'l'he matrix 34 includes a number of individual character-representing hologranrs arranged in rows and columns. Unc of the individual holograms is illuminated at any one time by a beam from the laser and the intervening optical elements. If the individual hologram 44 is illuminated, the alphanumeric character photographically stored in the hologram is recreated or reproduced an optical image at the image-utilizing plane 40. The image at Li0 will normally be the image of a 'single alphanumeric character occupying the entire image plane 40, as shown in FIG. 3.

The hologram matrix 34 is initially constructed by positioning a photographic plate at the position of matrix 34 in FIG. l. Means (not shown) are arranged to project light onto the hologram film in a direction 46, and simultaneously in about a -degree-displaced direction 48 normal to the hologram frlm 34. The light from the two directionsA 46 and 48 is preferably supplied with the aid of a mirror (not shown) from a single laser source. ln place of the utilization device 42, a single graphic character, such as is shown in FIG. 3, is positioned in the plane in the path of light from the direction 48. A dillusing plate and a mask are positioned on the side ol` the hologram film 3st to which the light is supplied. An individual hologram is thus recorded on an elemental unmasltcd arca on the hologram film. lly .successively pos-is tioning graphic characters at 4t), and repositioning the mask, a complete matrix of holograms is recorded in rows and columns on thc hologram lilrrr .l-t a. shown in l'l( i, 2. 'lne hologram matrix film is then pl;stographically developed and later used at 3-t in reconstructing the graphic characters recorded thereon. Further information on holograms is contained in an article entitled Photography try Laser by IE. N. Leith and J, Upatniclt appearing in the June i965, issue of Scientific American, pp. 2465.

In the system of FIG. 1 the graphic character imaged at l-ltl may be translated by a conventional vidicon or image orthocon unit 42 to an electrical signal having time-scan variations in amplitude representing the graphic character. The electrical signal is connected through an electrical cable 50 to a cathode ray tube display device 52. The electrical signal supplied to the cathode ray tube device 5.2 is translated to a graphie image of the character on the viewing face 54 of a cathode ray tube. The position on thc face 54 of each character is controlled by an electrical deflection .system so that successive characters are displaycd at spaced points along a line, from which they are imaged by a lens 56 to a corresponding location on a photographic film 58. 'the deflection system in the cathode ray device 52 may also alter the proportions of the graphic character to produce italic, bold face and other desired variations of the hologram character. 'l`he photographie film` after being exposed, is photographically developed and subsequently used for the preparation oly a photoengraved printing plate.

Klll

of the central portion of the optical system of FIG. l.'

FIG. 5 is a side view looking in the direction :1 5 in FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is an end view looking in the direction 6-6 in FlG. l. The rotatable galvartometer mirrors 16 and 30 are mounted side-byside with parallel axes of rotation 16 and 30' (FIG. 5) and with effective mirror surfaces displaced along a f5-degree diagonal which is parallel to the corner axis 26 of the prism 20.

The laser beam Vl2 from laser l0 is rellcctcd by the rotatable galvanometer mirror t6 towards condensing lens 18 and prism 2t) along any one of n family ol paths lying in the horizontal plane of the paper in FIGS. l and 4 between the .sector limits 60 and 60". If the rotatable mirror i6 is in an intermediate position, the beam follows the path 60 to the point 6l in the corner ot the prism 2t) from which it is reflected (as though a vertical plaire mirror were at point 6l) back along the path 64- through the condensing lens 18 to a central posi tion on the second rotatable galvanomctcr mirror 30.

On the other hand` if the first rotatable mirror t6 is positioned to reflect the incident beam' 12 along the deflected pathGtl, the beam strikes the prism mirror surface 22 at point 6l from which it is reflected along a path 62 to a point 63' on the prism mirror surface 24 (FIG. 6). The beam is then reflected back along the path 64 through the condensing lens t8 to the central region of the second rotatable mirror 30. The path 6d' is below the path 6d shown in FIG. 4, as shown in the side view of FIG. 5. When the first rotatable mirror t6 is positioned to reflect the beam l2 along the other extreme deflection path 6ft". the beam follows the course including points 6l on prism mirror 24. path 62", point 63" on prism mirror 22 and back along path 64 to the second rotatable mirror 30. The return path 64 is above the return path 64 in FIG. 4, as shown in tlre side view of FIG. 5.

To summarize` thc incident beam I2 is deflected by rotatable mirror t6 any desired amount in the horizontal direction as shown in l"l(l. 4. 'the prism 20 translates the amount of horizontal deflection imparted by the rotatable mirror lo to a corresponding amount ol' vertical dellcction within the hounds of lines 64 and 6st" in lilU. 5. The beam returning through the condensing lens it, regardless o thc amount oi its vertical. deflection, is

nl. directed to the Central region of the second rotatahlc mirror 30. The second rotatable mirror 3f) then adds a desired amount of horizontal deflection to the already E vertically-deflected incident beam. The beam reflected from the rotatable mirror 30 is thus deflected any dej sired amount in both the horizontal and vertical direcholograms on the hologram matrix 34 is illuminated. The individual character stored in the illuminated hologram is imaged at the image plane 40 for viewing or utilization by means such as those shown in FIG. I.

The optical detlection system of the invention has the tadvantage of being capable of construction in very compact form. The rotatable galvanometer mirrors t6 and 3G are positioned conveniently close together in a form of construction commonly employed in multi-trace recording galvanometer units. The condensing lens .t8 'is positioned at its focal length distance from the galvanometer mirrors t6 and 30. The prism 20 receives land reflects beams along collimated paths, and there- .fore the prism 20 may be positioned at any convenient i distance from the condensing lens t3. The pricise alignment of the various optical elements is most easily accomlplished when the prism 20 is displaced from the con- I densing lens t8 by the focal length distance of the conl densing lens t8. However, by following a slightly more Complex alignment procedure, the prism 20 may be lpositioned very close to the condensing lens t8, and

both may, in fact, be constructed from a single piece of optical glass.

The condensing lens 32 used to collimate the horizontally and vertically detlected beam toward the hologram matrix 34- is included in the system only if the hologram matrix 3-2, was initially created using light along the opposite collimatcd path direction 46. If desired, for additional compactness of construction, the condensing lens 32 may be omitted and the hologram matrix 34 may be positioned in its place. In this case, the'individual holograms on the hologram matrix 34 should each be initially created using light directed from directions precisely opposite the directions of respective utilization beams from rotatable mirror 30.

The random-access optical character selection system of the invention accomplishes a great deal with relatively few component parts. That is, when an individual hologram in the matrix 34 is illuminated, and regardless of the position of the individual hologram on the matrix 35;, the corresponding character is always imaged at the same location fill in space. There is no need for any further optical means to direct a selected character image oto a single stationary utilization location.

The system of the invention is capable of a high operating speed in randomly accessing successive individual holograms in the matrix 34. The speed of operation is greater than might be expected in view of the fact that the galvanomcter mirrors i6 and 30 have inertia and must be moved mechanically. However, the image presented at il() of a selected individual hologram is perfectly stationary despite the existence of some jiggling or hunting of the rotatable mirrors H6 and 30, The image created at 40 is stable and useful so long as any suhstantial part of the individual hologram is illuminated by the deliected laser beam. Therefore, a much higher speed of random access operation is feasible using galvanometer mirror movements than might seem possible.

Another important advantage of the system of the invention is that it can utilize a conveniently available, and room-temperature-operated, 4gas laser producing a very intense continuous laser beam having an almost constant cross sectional area when transmitted over disfi lances involved in the system. Further, the spectral characteristics of available lasers of this type are particularly well suited for the image-Sensitive screens at tlf) of available utilization devices. Also, the intensity or the image at d() is fully adequate for existing high-speed utilization devices ft2.

What is claimed is:

il. In a photocomposing apparatus or the like, means to create an image of any selected one of many alphanumeric or graphic characters at a txed location in space, comprising a laser beam source directing a light beam through a path including, in the order named, a first rotatable mirror, a condensing lens, a right-angle deflection-rotating prism, back through said condensing lens, a second rotatable mirror, a hologram matrix of individual character-representing holograms, and stationary means positioned to receive the image of a character from any illuminated individual hologram.

2. Apparatus as deiinedin claim it wherein said rot-ttable mirrors are mounted side-by-side with parallel axes of rotation and with effective mirror surfaces displaced along a `t5-degree diagonal, and wherein said prism is mounted with its axis parallel to said l15-degree diagonal.

3. in a photocomposing apparatus or the like, means to create an image of any selected one of many alphanumeric or graphic characters at a fixed location in space, comprising a laser beam source directing a light beam through a path including, in the order named, a first galvanometer mirror, a condensing lens, a right-angle deflection-rotating prism, back through said condensing lens, a second galvanometer mirror, and a halogram matrix of individual character-representing holograrns arranged in rows and columns, said first and second galvanometer mirrors being mounted side-by-side with parallel axes of rotation and with effective mirror surfaces displaced along a 11S-degree diagonal, said prism being mounted with its axis parallel with said lS-degree diagonal, said condensing lens being located at its focal length distance from said mirrors, whereby said laser beam can be horizontally and vertically deflected to any selected character-representing hologram of said hologram matrix, and stationary planar means positioned ofi? to the side of the beam path through said hologram matrix to receive on its full surface a firstorder reconstructed image resulting from illumination of -any selected corresponding one of said individual holograms.

4. An Optical scanner comprising a light beam source producing a narrow beam of light,

a right-angle deflection-rotating prism having two rcflecting surfaces at right-angles to each other and having an axis parallel to both of said surfaces,

a matrix of graphic information,

a rst rotatable mirror positioned to refiect the light beam from said source into said right-angle prism, from which the light beam is returned along a substantially parallel path, and

a second rotatable mirror positioned to reflect the light beam from said prism to said matrix ol graphic information,

said tirst and second rotatable mirrors being positioned in a side-by-sidc offset fashion with parallel axes of rotation and with effective mirror surfaces displaced along a t5-degree diagonal relative to the parallel axes of rotation, said right-angle prism being positioned with its axis parallel to said degree diagonal.

5. An optical scanner as defined in claim li and in addition, a 'condensing lens in the paths between said side-by-side mirrors and said prism.

6. An optical scanner as defined in claim 5 wherein said light beam source is a laser beam source, and wherein said matrix of graphic information is a matrix of individual holograms.

7. An optical scanner as defined in claim 4 wherein 7 8 said light beam source is a lasci' beam source, and wherein References Cited sztid matrix of graphic information is a matrix of indi- UNITED STATES PATENTS vidual holograms. r j I, l

addition, zt .stationary planar means positioned off to tht.l side of the laser beam path through suid holograms 5 jOHN M'HORANPlmmyhmmmcr matrix to receive on its full surface a iirst-ordcr rccon- U s C! X R structcd image resulting from illumiimtion of :my selected corresponding ones of said indivduui hologrums. Ult-T15, 2153i); 34() t2/1;MUT-2M 

